General Commands
cal | display a calendar |
choom | display and adjust OOM-killer score. |
chrt | manipulate the real-time attributes of a process |
col | filter reverse line feeds from input |
colcrt | filter nroff output for CRT previewing |
colrm | remove columns from a file |
column | columnate lists |
dmesg | print or control the kernel ring buffer |
eject | eject removable media |
fallocate | preallocate or deallocate space to a file |
fincore | count pages of file contents in core |
flock | manage locks from shell scripts |
getopt | parse command options (enhanced) |
hardlink | Consolidate duplicate files via hardlinks |
hexdump | display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii |
ionice | set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority |
ipcmk | make various IPC resources |
ipcrm | remove certain IPC resources |
ipcs | show information on IPC facilities |
irqtop | utility to display kernel interrupt information |
kill | terminate a process |
last | show a listing of last logged in users |
lastb | alias for last |
logger | enter messages into the system log |
login | begin session on the system |
look | display lines beginning with a given string |
lscpu | display information about the CPU architecture |
lsipc | show information on IPC facilities currently employed in the system |
lsirq | utility to display kernel interrupt information |
lslogins | display information about known users in the system |
lsmem | list the ranges of available memory with their online status |
mcookie | generate magic cookies for xauth |
mesg | display (or do not display) messages from other users |
more | file perusal filter for crt viewing |
mountpoint | see if a directory or file is a mountpoint |
namei | follow a pathname until a terminal point is found |
nsenter | run program in different namespaces |
prlimit | get and set process resource limits |
rename | rename files |
renice | alter priority of running processes |
rev | reverse lines characterwise |
runuser | run a command with substitute user and group ID |
script | make typescript of terminal session |
scriptlive | re-run session typescripts, using timing information |
scriptreplay | play back typescripts, using timing information |
setpriv | run a program with different Linux privilege settings |
setsid | run a program in a new session |
setterm | set terminal attributes |
su | run a command with substitute user and group ID |
taskset | set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity |
ul | do underlining |
unshare | run program in new namespaces |
utmpdump | dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format |
uuidgen | create a new UUID value |
uuidparse | a utility to parse unique identifiers |
wall | write a message to all users |
whereis | locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command |
write | send a message to another user |
File Formats |
adjtime_config | information about hardware clock setting and drift factor |
fstab | static information about the filesystems |
terminal-colors.d | Configure output colorization for various utilities |
System Administration |
addpart | tell the kernel about the existence of a partition |
agetty | alternative Linux getty |
blkdiscard | discard sectors on a device |
blkid | locate/print block device attributes |
blkzone | run zone command on a device |
blockdev | call block device ioctls from the command line |
cfdisk | display or manipulate a disk partition table |
chcpu | configure CPUs |
chmem | configure memory |
clock | alias for hwclock |
ctrlaltdel | set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination |
delpart | tell the kernel to forget about a partition |
fdformat | low-level format a floppy disk |
fdisk | manipulate disk partition table |
findfs | find a filesystem by label or UUID |
findmnt | find a filesystem |
fsck | check and repair a Linux filesystem |
fsck.cramfs | fsck compressed ROM file system |
fsck.minix | check consistency of Minix filesystem |
fsfreeze | suspend access to a filesystem (Ext3/4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS) |
fstrim | discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem |
hwclock | time clocks utility |
i386 | alias for setarch |
isosize | output the length of an iso9660 filesystem |
ldattach | attach a line discipline to a serial line |
linux32 | alias for setarch |
linux64 | alias for setarch |
losetup | set up and control loop devices |
lsblk | list block devices |
lslocks | list local system locks |
lsns | list namespaces |
mkfs | build a Linux filesystem |
mkfs.cramfs | make compressed ROM file system |
mkfs.minix | make a Minix filesystem |
mkswap | set up a Linux swap area |
mount | mount a filesystem |
nologin | politely refuse a login |
partx | tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions |
pivot_root | change the root filesystem |
raw | bind a Linux raw character device |
rawdevices | alias for raw |
readprofile | read kernel profiling information |
resizepart | tell the kernel about the new size of a partition |
rfkill | tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices |
rtcwake | enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time |
setarch | change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags |
sfdisk | display or manipulate a disk partition table |
sulogin | single-user login |
swaplabel | print or change the label or UUID of a swap area |
swapoff | alias for swapon |
swapon | enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping |
switch_root | switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree |
umount | unmount filesystems |
uname26 | alias for setarch |
wdctl | show hardware watchdog status |
wipefs | wipe a signature from a device |
x86_64 | alias for setarch |
zramctl | set up and control zram devices |