{"name":"ls","section":"1","description":"list directory contents","sections":[{"id":"Examples_(TL;DR)","title":"Examples (TL;DR)","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Examples_(TL;DR)"},{"id":"Synopsis","title":"Synopsis","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Synopsis"},{"id":"Description","title":"Description","sections":[{"id":"Description-Exit_status","title":"Exit status","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Description-Exit_status"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Description"},{"id":"Author","title":"Author","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Author"},{"id":"Reporting_Bugs","title":"Reporting Bugs","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Reporting_Bugs"},{"id":"Copyright","title":"Copyright","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Copyright"},{"id":"See_Also","title":"See Also","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#See_Also"},{"id":"Referenced_By","title":"Referenced By","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#Referenced_By"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls","anchors":[{"anchor":"-1<\/strong>","description":"

list one file per line<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-1"},{"anchor":"-a<\/strong>, --all<\/strong>","description":"

do not ignore entries starting with .<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-a"},{"anchor":"-A<\/strong>, --almost-all<\/strong>","description":"

do not list implied . and ..<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-A"},{"anchor":"--author<\/strong>","description":"

with -l<\/strong>, print the author of each file<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--author"},{"anchor":"--block-size<\/strong>=SIZE<\/em>","description":"

with -l<\/strong>, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--block-size"},{"anchor":"-b<\/strong>, --escape<\/strong>","description":"

print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-b"},{"anchor":"-B<\/strong>, --ignore-backups<\/strong>","description":"

do not list implied entries ending with ~<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-B"},{"anchor":"--color<\/strong>[=WHEN<\/em>]","description":"

color the output WHEN; more info below<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--color"},{"anchor":"-c<\/strong>","description":"

with -lt<\/strong>: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l<\/strong>: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-c"},{"anchor":"-C<\/strong>","description":"

list entries by columns<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-C"},{"anchor":"--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir<\/strong>","description":"

follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir"},{"anchor":"-d<\/strong>, --directory<\/strong>","description":"

list directories themselves, not their contents<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-d"},{"anchor":"-D<\/strong>, --dired<\/strong>","description":"

generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-D"},{"anchor":"--file-type<\/strong>","description":"

likewise, except do not append '*'<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--file-type"},{"anchor":"--format<\/strong>=WORD<\/em>","description":"

across -x<\/strong>, commas -m<\/strong>, horizontal -x<\/strong>, long -l<\/strong>, single-column -1<\/strong>, verbose -l<\/strong>, vertical -C<\/strong><\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--format"},{"anchor":"-f<\/strong>","description":"

list all entries in directory order<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-f"},{"anchor":"-F<\/strong>, --classify<\/strong>[=WHEN<\/em>]","description":"

append indicator (one of *\/=>@|) to entries WHEN<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-F"},{"anchor":"--full-time<\/strong>","description":"

like -l<\/strong> --time-style<\/strong>=full-iso<\/em><\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--full-time"},{"anchor":"--group-directories-first<\/strong>","description":"

group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort<\/strong> option, but any use of --sort<\/strong>=none<\/em> (-U<\/strong>) disables grouping<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--group-directories-first"},{"anchor":"-g<\/strong>","description":"

like -l<\/strong>, but do not list owner<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-g"},{"anchor":"-G<\/strong>, --no-group<\/strong>","description":"

in a long listing, don't print group names<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-G"},{"anchor":"--help<\/strong>","description":"

display this help and exit<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--help"},{"anchor":"--hide<\/strong>=PATTERN<\/em>","description":"

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a<\/strong> or -A<\/strong>)<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--hide"},{"anchor":"-H<\/strong>, --dereference-command-line<\/strong>","description":"

follow symbolic links listed on the command line<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-H"},{"anchor":"-h<\/strong>, --human-readable<\/strong>","description":"

with -l<\/strong> and -s<\/strong>, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-h"},{"anchor":"--hyperlink<\/strong>[=WHEN<\/em>]","description":"

hyperlink file names WHEN<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--hyperlink"},{"anchor":"--indicator-style<\/strong>=WORD<\/em>","description":"

append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p<\/strong>), file-type (--file-type<\/strong>), classify (-F<\/strong>)<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--indicator-style"},{"anchor":"-I<\/strong>, --ignore<\/strong>=PATTERN<\/em>","description":"

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-I"},{"anchor":"-i<\/strong>, --inode<\/strong>","description":"

print the index number of each file<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-i"},{"anchor":"-k<\/strong>, --kibibytes<\/strong>","description":"

default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only with -s<\/strong> and per directory totals<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-k"},{"anchor":"-l<\/strong>","description":"

use a long listing format<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-l"},{"anchor":"-L<\/strong>, --dereference<\/strong>","description":"

when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-L"},{"anchor":"-m<\/strong>","description":"

fill width with a comma separated list of entries<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-m"},{"anchor":"-N<\/strong>, --literal<\/strong>","description":"

print entry names without quoting<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-N"},{"anchor":"-n<\/strong>, --numeric-uid-gid<\/strong>","description":"

like -l<\/strong>, but list numeric user and group IDs<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-n"},{"anchor":"-o<\/strong>","description":"

like -l<\/strong>, but do not list group information<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-o"},{"anchor":"-p<\/strong>, --indicator-style<\/strong>=slash<\/em>","description":"

append \/ indicator to directories<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-p"},{"anchor":"-q<\/strong>, --hide-control-chars<\/strong>","description":"

print ? instead of nongraphic characters<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-q"},{"anchor":"-Q<\/strong>, --quote-name<\/strong>","description":"

enclose entry names in double quotes<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-Q"},{"anchor":"--quoting-style<\/strong>=WORD<\/em>","description":"

use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--quoting-style"},{"anchor":"-R<\/strong>, --recursive<\/strong>","description":"

list subdirectories recursively<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-R"},{"anchor":"-r<\/strong>, --reverse<\/strong>","description":"

reverse order while sorting<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-r"},{"anchor":"--show-control-chars<\/strong>","description":"

show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--show-control-chars"},{"anchor":"--si<\/strong>","description":"

likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--si"},{"anchor":"--sort<\/strong>=WORD<\/em>","description":"

sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U<\/strong>), size (-S<\/strong>), time (-t<\/strong>), version (-v<\/strong>), extension (-X<\/strong>), width<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--sort"},{"anchor":"-S<\/strong>","description":"

sort by file size, largest first<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-S"},{"anchor":"-s<\/strong>, --size<\/strong>","description":"

print the allocated size of each file, in blocks<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-s"},{"anchor":"--time<\/strong>=WORD<\/em>","description":"

change the default of using modification times; access time (-u<\/strong>): atime, access, use; change time (-c<\/strong>): ctime, status; birth time: birth, creation;<\/p>

with -l<\/strong>, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort<\/strong>=time<\/em>, sort by WORD (newest first)<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--time"},{"anchor":"--time-style<\/strong>=TIME_STYLE<\/em>","description":"

time\/date format with -l<\/strong>; see TIME_STYLE below<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--time-style"},{"anchor":"-t<\/strong>","description":"

sort by time, newest first; see --time<\/strong><\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-t"},{"anchor":"-T<\/strong>, --tabsize<\/strong>=COLS<\/em>","description":"

assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-T"},{"anchor":"-u<\/strong>","description":"

with -lt<\/strong>: sort by, and show, access time; with -l<\/strong>: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-u"},{"anchor":"-U<\/strong>","description":"

do not sort; list entries in directory order<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-U"},{"anchor":"--version<\/strong>","description":"

output version information and exit<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--version"},{"anchor":"-v<\/strong>","description":"

natural sort of (version) numbers within text<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-v"},{"anchor":"-w<\/strong>, --width<\/strong>=COLS<\/em>","description":"

set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-w"},{"anchor":"-x<\/strong>","description":"

list entries by lines instead of by columns<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-x"},{"anchor":"-X<\/strong>","description":"

sort alphabetically by entry extension<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-X"},{"anchor":"--zero<\/strong>","description":"

end each output line with NUL, not newline<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#--zero"},{"anchor":"-Z<\/strong>, --context<\/strong>","description":"

print any security context of each file<\/p>","url":"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/ls#-Z"}]}