rpm - Man Page

• Show version of httpd package: rpm [-q|--query] httpd
• List versions of all matching packages: rpm [-qa|--query --all] 'mariadb*'
• Forcibly install a package regardless of currently installed versions: rpm [-U|--upgrade] path/to/package.rpm --force
• Identify owner of a file and show version of the package: rpm [-qf|--query --file] /etc/postfix/main.cf
• List package-owned files: rpm [-ql|--query --list] kernel
• Show scriptlets from an RPM file: rpm [-qp|--query --package] --scripts package.rpm
• Show changed, missing and/or incorrectly installed files of matching packages: rpm [-Va|--verify --all] 'php-*'
• Display the changelog of a specific package: rpm [-q|--query] --changelog package

tldr.sh

rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build, install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software packages.​ A package consists of an archive of files and meta-data used to install and erase the archive files.​ The meta-data includes helper scripts, file attributes, and descriptive information about the package.​ Packages come in two varieties: binary packages, used to encapsulate software to be installed, and source packages, containing the source code and recipe necessary to produce binary packages.​

PACKAGE_FILE

Either an rpm package or an rpm-manifest(5) file.​ May also be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package will be downloaded before being installed.​ See FTP/HTTP Options for information on rpm'​s ftp and http client support.​

PACKAGE_NAME

Installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.​ To specify the package more precisely the package name may be followed by the version or version and release both separated by a dash or an architecture name separated by a dot.​ See the output of rpm -qa or rpm -qp PACKAGE_FILE as an example.​

See rpm-common(8) for the options common to all operations.​

--allfiles

Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the package, regardless if they exist.​

--badreloc

Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not just those OLDPATH'​s included in the binary package relocation hint(s).​

--excludepath OLDPATH

Don'​t install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.​

--excludeartifacts

Don'​t install any files which are marked as artifacts, such as build-id links.​

--excludeconfigs,  --noconfigs

Do not install configuration files.​

--excludedocs

Don'​t install any files which are marked as documentation (which includes man pages and texinfo documents).​

--force

Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.​

--ignoresize

Don'​t check mount filesystems for sufficient disk space before installing this package.​

--ignorearch

Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures of the binary package and host don'​t match.​

--ignoreos

Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of the binary package and host don'​t match.​

--includedocs

Install documentation files.​ This is the default behavior.​

--nocontexts

Don'​t set SELinux contexts for files and scriptlets.​ Only effective if rpm-plugin-selinux(8) is installed and active.​

--nocaps

Don'​t set file capabilities.​

--noverify

Don'​t perform verify package files prior to installation.​

--nosysusers

Don'​t create rpm-sysusers(7) from packages

--oldpackage

Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.​

--prefix NEWPATH

For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with the installation prefix in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.​

--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH

For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.​ This option can be used repeatedly if several OLDPATH'​s in the package are to be relocated.​

--replacefiles

Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed, packages.​

--replacepkgs

Install the packages even if some of them are already installed on this system.​

--allmatches

Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME.​ Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME matches multiple packages.​

The transaction options are common to --install, --upgrade, --reinstall and --erase operations.​

--deploops

Print dependency loops as warnings.​

-h,  --hash

Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.​ Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.​

--justdb

Update only the database, not the filesystem.​

--nodb

Update only the filesystem, not the database.​

--nodeps

Don'​t check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.​

--noorder

Don'​t reorder the packages for an install.​ The list of packages would normally be reordered to satisfy dependencies.​

--noplugins

Do not load and execute plugins.​

--noscripts

Disables execution of package scriptlets.​ Equivalent to

--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun --nopretrans --noposttrans --nopreuntrans --nopostuntrans

--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun --nopretrans --noposttrans --nopreuntrans --nopostuntrans

Don'​t execute the scriptlets of the named type.​

--notriggers

Disable execution of package triggers.​ Equivalent to

--notriggerprein --notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun

--notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerprein --notriggerpostun

Disable execution of the trigger scriptlets of the named type.​

--percent

Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package archive.​ This is intended to make rpm easy to run from other tools.​

--test

Don'​t really execute anything, just go through the motions.​ Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for debugging.​

--qf QUERYFMT, --queryformat QUERYFMT

Output format of each queried package, as described by rpm-queryformat(7).​ If omitted, uses the format defined by %_query_all_fmt in rpm-config(5).​

There are three subsets of options for querying: package selection, file selection and information selection.​

-a, --all [SELECTOR .​.​.​]

Query all installed packages.​

Optional SELECTOR'​s in the form of tag=pattern can be provided to narrow the selection, for example name="b*" to query packages whose name starts with "b".​

--dupes

List duplicated packages.​

-f, --file FILE

Query package owning installed FILE.​

--filecaps

List filenames with POSIX1.​e capabilities.​

--fileclass

List filenames with their classes (libmagic classification).​

--filecolor

List filenames with their colors (0 for noarch, 1 for 32bit, 2 for 64 bit).​

--fileprovide

List filenames with their provides.​

--filerequire

List filenames with their requires.​

-g, --group GROUP

Query packages with the group of GROUP.​

--noglob

Do not glob arguments when installing package files.​

--nomanifest

Don'​t process non-package files as rpm-manifest(5) files.​

-p, --package PACKAGE_FILE

Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE.​

--path PATH

Query package(s) owning PATH, whether the file is installed or not.​ Multiple packages may own a PATH, but the file is only owned by the package installed last.​

--querybynumber HDRNUM

Query the HDRNUM database entry directly; this is useful only for debugging.​

--specfile SPECFILE

Obsolete, use rpmspec(1) instead.​

--tid TID

Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identifier.​ A UNIX timestamp is currently used as a transaction identifier.​ All package(s) installed or erased within a single transaction have a common identifier.​

--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME

Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACKAGE_NAME.​

--whatobsoletes CAPABILITY

Query all packages that obsolete CAPABILITY for proper functioning.​

--whatprovides CAPABILITY

Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.​

--whatrequires CAPABILITY

Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for proper functioning.​

--whatconflicts CAPABILITY

Query all packages that conflict with CAPABILITY.​

--whatrecommends CAPABILITY

Query all packages that recommend CAPABILITY.​

--whatsuggests CAPABILITY

Query all packages that suggest CAPABILITY.​

--whatsupplements CAPABILITY

Query all packages that supplement CAPABILITY.​

--whatenhances CAPABILITY

Query all packages that enhance CAPABILITY.​

--changelog

Display change information for the package.​

--changes

Display change information for the package with full timestamps.​

--conflicts

List capabilities this package conflicts with.​

--dump

Dump file information as follows (implies -l):

path size mtime digest mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink

--enhances

List capabilities enhanced by package(s).​

--filesbypkg

List all the files in each selected package.​

--filetriggers

List filetrigger scriptlets from package(s).​

-i, --info

Display package information, including name, version, and description.​ This uses the --queryformat if one was specified.​

--last

Orders the package listing by install time such that the latest packages are at the top.​

-l, --list

List files in package.​

--obsoletes

List packages this package obsoletes.​

--provides

List capabilities this package provides.​

--recommends

List capabilities recommended by package(s).​

-R, --requires

List capabilities on which this package depends.​

--suggests

List capabilities suggested by package(s).​

--supplements

List capabilities supplemented by package(s).​

--scripts

List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the installation and uninstallation processes.​

-s, --state

Display the states of files in the package (implies -l).​ The state of each file is one of normal, not installed, or replaced.​

--triggers, --triggerscripts

Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the package.​

--xml

Format package headers as XML.​

-A,  --artifactfiles

Only include artifact files (implies -l).​

-c,  --configfiles

Only include configuration files (implies -l).​

-d,  --docfiles

Only include documentation files (implies -l).​

-L,  --licensefiles

Only include license files (implies -l).​

--noartifact

Exclude artifact files.​

--noconfig

Exclude config files.​

--noghost

Exclude ghost files.​

The package and file selection options are the same as for package querying (including rpm-manifest(5) files as arguments).​ Other options unique to verify mode are:

--nodeps

Don'​t verify dependencies of packages.​

--nodigest

Don'​t verify package or header digests when reading.​

--nofiles

Don'​t verify any attributes of package files.​

--noscripts

Don'​t execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).​

--nosignature

Don'​t verify package or header signatures when reading.​

--nolinkto --nofiledigest (formerly --nomd5) --nosize --nomtime --nomode --nordev

Don'​t verify the corresponding file attribute.​

--nouser --nogroup

Don'​t verify file user/group ownership.​ Note that only local passwd(5) and group(5) databases are consulted.​

--nocaps

Don'​t verify file capabilities.​

--verify

The format of the output is a string of 9 result characters a possible attribute from the package, followed by the filename.​

Each of the 9 characters denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s) of the file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the database.​

A single ".​" (period) means the test passed, while a single "?​" (question mark) indicates the test could not be performed (e.​g.​ file permissions prevent reading).​ Otherwise, the (mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the corresponding --verify test:

On success, 0 is returned, a nonzero failure code otherwise.​

rpm -Uvh hello-2.​0-1.​noarch.​rpm

Install or upgrade hello-2.​0-1.​noarch.​rpm package with verbose output and progress meters.​ -Uvh is probably the most common of all the rpm operations.​

rpm -Uvh --excludedocs --root /srv/test mydist-23.​mft

Install packages described by the mydist-23.​mft rpm-manifest(5) file into the alternative system root at /srv/test, excluding all documentation files.​

rpm -Fvh *.​rpm

Freshen installed packages from a local directory, with verbose output and progress meters.​

rpm -i kernel-6.​15.​4-200.​x86_64.​rpm

Install kernel-6.​15.​4-200.​x86_64.​rpm package quietly.​ On some Linux distributions, different kernel versions are intended to be installed in parallel like this, without erasing older ones to ensure there'​s a bootable kernel in case of problems.​ It'​s one of the few cases where -i is the right thing to use.​

rpm -evh --allmatches libhello

Erase all versions of package libhello on the system, with verbose output and progress meters.​ Typically there is only one version of a package installed at a time, but in some cases it'​s possible to have different versions or different architectures of a package installed in parallel, in which case --allmatches can be handy.​

rpm -vh --reinstall hello-2.​0-1.​noarch.​rpm

Reinstall previously installed hello-2.​0-1.​noarch.​rpm package, with verbose output and progress labels.​ Useful if eg.​ the files of a package get corrupted or erased accidentally.​

rpm -v --restore --all

Restore permissions of files in all installed packages to their packaged specifications, with verbose output.​

rpm --verify --noconfig openssh-server

Verify the integrity of the installed openssh-server package, ignoring changes in configuration.​

rpm -qa

List all installed packages, using the default formatting.​

rpm -qlv --noartifact glibc

List the files of the glibc package in style similar to ls(1) command output with ls -l, omitting "artifact" files such as build-id'​s which are not usually the main interest.​

rpm -q --qf "[%{filenames} %{filedigests}\n]" openssh-server

List filenames and their corresponding digests of installed openssh-server package.​

rpm -qp --scripts --triggers --filetriggers myserver-1.​0-1.​x86_64.​rpm

Show all scriptlets and triggers from the myserver-1.​0-1.​x86_64.​rpm package file.​ Before installing unknown packages, at least do this!​

rpm --target ppc64le --eval "%optflags"

Print the expansion of the %optflags macro for the ppc64le architecture.​

See rpm-common(8), rpm-config(5) and rpm-rpmrc(5).​

rpm-common(8), popt(3), rpm2cpio(1), rpmbuild(1), rpmdb(8), rpmkeys(8), rpmsign(1), rpmspec(1), rpm-queryformat(7) rpm-manifest(5) rpm-version(7) rpm-plugins(8)

rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt aliases it'​s impossible to guarantee that what'​s described in the manual matches what'​s available.​

http://www.​rpm.​org/

applydeltarpm(8), build(1), compat_digest.plug.1rrp(1), cpack-generators(7), daemon(7), debbuild(8), demofiles.plug.1rrp(1), demo.plug.1rrp(1), empty_section.plug.1rrp(1), exclude_file.plug.1rrp(1), fedora-remove-old-gpg-keys(8), file2pacDep.plug.1rrp(1), jpackage_script(7), nodoc.plug.1rrp(1), replacefile.plug.1rrp(1), rpm2archive(1), rpm2cpio(1), rpmbuild(1), rpm-common(8), rpmconf(8), rpm-config(5), rpmdb(8), rpm-dependency-generators(7), rpmdeps(1), rpm-design(7), rpmfile(1), rpmgraph(1), rpminspect(1), rpmkeys(8), rpmlua(1), rpm-macros(7), rpm-manifest(5), rpm-ostree(1), rpmpeek(1), rpm-plugin-ima(8), rpm-plugin-prioreset(8), rpm-plugins(8), rpm-plugin-selinux(8), rpm-plugin-syslog(8), rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit(8), rpm-queryformat(7), rpmreaper(1), rpmrebuild(1), rpmrebuild_plugins(1), rpm-rpmrc(5), rpm-scriptlets(7), rpm_selinux(8), rpm-setup-autosign(1), rpmsign(1), rpmspec(1), rpm-sysusers(7), rpm-version(7), set_tag.plug.1rrp(1), uniq.plug.1rrp(1), un_prelink.plug.1rrp(1), unset_tag.plug.1rrp(1), zypp.conf(5).