gitformat-signature - Man Page
Git cryptographic signature formats
Synopsis
<[tag|commit] object header(s)> <over-the-wire protocol>
Description
Git uses cryptographic signatures in various places, currently objects (tags, commits, mergetags) and transactions (pushes). In every case, the command which is about to create an object or transaction determines a payload from that, calls an external program to obtain a detached signature for the payload (gpg -bsa in the case of PGP signatures), and embeds the signature into the object or transaction.
Signatures begin with an "ASCII Armor" header line and end with a tail line, which differ depending on signature type (as selected by gpg.format, see git-config(1)). These are, for gpg.format values:
gpg (PGP)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- and -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----. Or, if gpg is told to produce RFC1991 signatures, -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE----- and -----END PGP MESSAGE-----
ssh (SSH)
-----BEGIN SSH SIGNATURE----- and -----END SSH SIGNATURE-----
x509 (X.509)
-----BEGIN SIGNED MESSAGE----- and -----END SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Signatures sometimes appear as a part of the normal payload (e.g. a signed tag has the signature block appended after the payload that the signature applies to), and sometimes appear in the value of an object header (e.g. a merge commit that merged a signed tag would have the entire tag contents on its "mergetag" header). In the case of the latter, the usual multi-line formatting rule for object headers applies. I.e. the second and subsequent lines are prefixed with a SP to signal that the line is continued from the previous line.
This is even true for an originally empty line. In the following examples, the end of line that ends with a whitespace letter is highlighted with a $ sign; if you are trying to recreate these example by hand, do not cut and paste them—they are there primarily to highlight extra whitespace at the end of some lines.
The signed payload and the way the signature is embedded depends on the type of the object resp. transaction.
Tag Signatures
- created by: git tag -s
- payload: annotated tag object
- embedding: append the signature to the unsigned tag object
- example: tag signedtag with subject signed tag
object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a type commit tag signedtag tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000 signed tag signed tag message body -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0 rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E= =jpXa -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
- verify with: git verify-tag [-v] or git tag -v
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189 object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a type commit tag signedtag tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000 signed tag signed tag message body
Commit Signatures
- created by: git commit -S
- payload: commit object
- embedding: header entry gpgsig (content is preceded by a space)
- example: commit with subject signed commit
tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 $ iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRjRAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJ3IwIAIY4SA6GxY3BjL60YyvsJPh/ HRCJwH+w7wt3Yc/9/bW2F+gF72kdHOOs2jfv+OZhq0q4OAN6fvVSczISY/82LpS7 DVdMQj2/YcHDT4xrDNBnXnviDO9G7am/9OE77kEbXrp7QPxvhjkicHNwy2rEflAA zn075rtEERDHr8nRYiDh8eVrefSO7D+bdQ7gv+7GsYMsd2auJWi1dHOSfTr9HIF4 HJhWXT9d2f8W+diRYXGh4X0wYiGg6na/soXc+vdtDYBzIxanRqjg8jCAeo1eOTk1 EdTwhcTZlI0x5pvJ3H0+4hA2jtldVtmPM4OTB0cTrEWBad7XV6YgiyuII73Ve3I= =jKHM -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- signed commit signed commit message body
- verify with: git verify-commit [-v] (or git show --show-signature)
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:58:57 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189 tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 signed commit signed commit message body
Mergetag Signatures
- created by: git merge on signed tag
- payload/embedding: the whole signed tag object is embedded into the (merge) commit object as header entry mergetag
- example: merge of the signed tag signedtag as above
tree c7b1cff039a93f3600a1d18b82d26688668c7dea parent c33429be94b5f2d3ee9b0adad223f877f174b05d parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465982009 +0000 committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465982009 +0000 mergetag object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a type commit tag signedtag tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000 $ signed tag $ signed tag message body -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 $ iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0 rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E= =jpXa -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream signed tag signed tag message body # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189 # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! # gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
- verify with: verification is embedded in merge commit message by default, alternatively with git show --show-signature:
commit 9863f0c76ff78712b6800e199a46aa56afbcbd49
merged tag 'signedtag'
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
Merge: c33429b 04b8717
Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
Date: Wed Jun 15 09:13:29 2016 +0000
Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
signed tag
signed tag message body
# gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
# gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
# gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189Git
Part of the git(1) suite