avocado man page
avocado — test runner command line tool
Synopsis
- avocado [-h] [-v] [--config [CONFIG_FILE]] [--show [STREAM[:LVL]]] [-s]
{config,diff,distro,exec-path,list,multiplex,plugins,run,sysinfo} ...
Description
Avocado is a modern test framework that is built on the experience accumulated with autotest (http://autotest.github.io).
avocado is also the name of its test runner command line tool, described in this man page.
For more information about the Avocado project, please check its website: http://avocado-framework.github.io/
Options
The following list of options are builtin, application level avocado options. Most other options are implemented via plugins and will depend on them being loaded (avocado --help):
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version show program's version number and exit
--config [CONFIG_FILE]
Use custom configuration from a file
--show [STREAM[:LVL]]
List of comma separated builtin logs, or logging
streams optionally followed by LEVEL (DEBUG,INFO,...).
Builtin streams are: "test": test output; "debug":
tracebacks and other debugging info; "app":
application output; "early": early logging of other
streams, including test (very verbose); "remote":
fabric/paramiko debug; "all": all builtin streams;
"none": disables regular output (leaving only errors
enabled). By default: 'app'
-s, --silent disables regular output (leaving only errors enabled)Real use of avocado depends on running avocado subcommands. This a typical list of avocado subcommands:
config Shows avocado config keys
diff Shows the difference between 2 jobs.
distro Shows detected Linux distribution
exec-path Returns path to avocado bash libraries and exits.
list List available tests
multiplex Tool to analyze and visualize test variants and params
plugins Displays plugin information
run Runs one or more tests (native test, test alias,
binary or script)
sysinfo Collect system informationTo get usage instructions for a given subcommand, run it with --help. Example:
$ avocado run --helpOptions for subcommand run (avocado run --help):
positional arguments:
TEST_REFERENCE List of test references (aliases or paths)
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-d, --dry-run Instead of running the test only list them and log
their params.
--force-job-id UNIQUE_JOB_ID
Forces the use of a particular job ID. Used internally
when interacting with an avocado server. You should
not use this option unless you know exactly what
you're doing
--job-results-dir DIRECTORY
Forces to use of an alternate job results directory.
--job-timeout SECONDS
Set the maximum amount of time (in SECONDS) that tests
are allowed to execute. Values <= zero means "no
timeout". You can also use suffixes, like: s
(seconds), m (minutes), h (hours).
--failfast {on,off} Enable or disable the job interruption on first failed
test.
--keep-tmp {on,off} Keep job temporary files (useful for avocado
debugging). Defaults to off.
--sysinfo {on,off} Enable or disable system information (hardware
details, profilers, etc.). Current: on
--execution-order {tests-per-variant,variants-per-test}
How to iterate through test suite and variants
output and result format:
-s, --silent Silence stdout
--show-job-log Display only the job log on stdout. Useful for test
debugging purposes. No output will be displayed if you
also specify --silent
--store-logging-stream [STREAM[:LEVEL] [STREAM[:LEVEL] ...]]
Store given logging STREAMs in
$JOB_RESULTS_DIR/$STREAM.$LEVEL.
--html FILE Enable HTML output to the FILE where the result should
be written. The value - (output to stdout) is not
supported since not all HTML resources can be embedded
into a single file (page resources will be copied to
the output file dir)
--open-browser Open the generated report on your preferred browser.
This works even if --html was not explicitly passed,
since an HTML report is always generated on the job
results dir. Current: False
--html-job-result {on,off}
Enables default HTML result in the job results
directory. File will be located at
"html/results.html".
--journal Records test status changes (for use with avocado-
journal-replay and avocado-server)
--json FILE Enable JSON result format and write it to FILE. Use
'-' to redirect to the standard output.
--json-job-result {on,off}
Enables default JSON result in the job results
directory. File will be named "results.json".
--tap FILE Enable TAP result output and write it to FILE. Use '-'
to redirect to the standard output.
--tap-job-result {on,off}
Enables default TAP result in the job results
directory. File will be named "results.tap".
--xunit FILE Enable xUnit result format and write it to FILE. Use
'-' to redirect to the standard output.
--xunit-job-result {on,off}
Enables default xUnit result in the job results
directory. File will be named "results.xml".
-z, --archive Archive (ZIP) files generated by tests
output check arguments:
--output-check-record {none,all,stdout,stderr}
Record output streams of your tests to reference files
(valid options: none (do not record output streams),
all (record both stdout and stderr), stdout (record
only stderr), stderr (record only stderr). Current:
none
--output-check {on,off}
Enable or disable test output (stdout/stderr) check.
If this option is off, no output will be checked, even
if there are reference files present for the test.
Current: on (output check enabled)
loader options:
--loaders [LOADERS [LOADERS ...]]
Overrides the priority of the test loaders. You can
specify either @loader_name or TEST_TYPE. By default
it tries all available loaders according to priority
set in settings->plugins.loaders.
--external-runner EXECUTABLE
Path to an specific test runner that allows the use of
its own tests. This should be used for running tests
that do not conform to Avocado' SIMPLE testinterface
and can not run standalone. Note: the use of
--external-runner overwrites the --loaders to
"external_runner"
--external-runner-chdir {runner,test}
Change directory before executing tests. This option
may be necessary because of requirements and/or
limitations of the external test runner. If the
external runner requires to be run from its own base
directory,use "runner" here. If the external runner
runs tests based on files and requires to be run from
the directory where those files are located, use
"test" here and specify the test directory with the
option "--external-runner-testdir". Defaults to "None"
--external-runner-testdir DIRECTORY
Where test files understood by the external test
runner are located in the filesystem. Obviously this
assumes and only applies to external test runners that
run tests from files
filtering parameters:
--filter-by-tags TAGS
Filter INSTRUMENTED tests based on ":avocado:
tags=tag1,tag2" notation in their class docstring
--filter-by-tags-include-empty
Include all tests without tags during filtering. This
effectively means they will be kept in the test suite
found previously to filtering.
test execution inside docker container:
--docker IMAGE Name of the docker image torun tests on.
--docker-cmd CMD Override the docker command, eg. 'sudo docker' or
other base docker options like hypervisor. Default:
'docker'
--docker-options OPT Extra options for docker run cmd. (see: man docker-
run)
--docker-no-cleanup Preserve container after test
keep environment variables:
--env-keep ENV_KEEP Keep environment variables in remote executions
GNU Debugger support:
--gdb-run-bin EXECUTABLE[:BREAKPOINT]
Run a given executable inside the GNU debugger,
pausing at a given breakpoint (defaults to "main")
--gdb-prerun-commands EXECUTABLE:COMMANDS
After loading an executable in GDB, but before
actually running it, execute the GDB commands in the
given file. EXECUTABLE is optional, if omitted
COMMANDS will apply to all executables
--gdb-coredump {on,off}
Automatically generate a core dump when the inferior
process received a fatal signal such as SIGSEGV or
SIGABRT
test execution on a remote machine:
--remote-hostname REMOTE_HOSTNAME
Specify the hostname to login on remote machine
--remote-port REMOTE_PORT
Specify the port number to login on remote machine.
Current: 22
--remote-username REMOTE_USERNAME
Specify the username to login on remote machine.
Current: apahim
--remote-password REMOTE_PASSWORD
Specify the password to login on remote machine
--remote-key-file REMOTE_KEY_FILE
Specify an identity file with a private key instead of
a password (Example: .pem files from Amazon EC2)
--remote-timeout SECONDS
Amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a successful
connection to the remote machine. Defaults to 60
seconds.
job replay:
--replay REPLAY_JOBID
Replay a job identified by its (partial) hash id. Use
"--replay latest" to replay the latest job.
--replay-test-status REPLAY_TESTSTATUS
Filter tests to replay by test status
--replay-ignore REPLAY_IGNORE
Ignore variants (variants) and/or configuration
(config) from the source job
resultsdb options:
--resultsdb-api RESULTSDB_API
Specify the resultsdb API url
--resultsdb-logs RESULTSDB_LOGS
Specify the URL where the logs are published
test execution on a Virtual Machine:
--vm-domain VM_DOMAIN
Specify Libvirt Domain Name
--vm-hypervisor-uri VM_HYPERVISOR_URI
Specify hypervisor URI driver connection. Current:
qemu:///system
--vm-hostname VM_HOSTNAME
Specify VM hostname to login. By default Avocado
attempts to automatically find the VM IP address.
--vm-port VM_PORT Specify the port number to login on VM. Current: 22
--vm-username VM_USERNAME
Specify the username to login on VM
--vm-password VM_PASSWORD
Specify the password to login on VM
--vm-key-file VM_KEY_FILE
Specify an identity file with a private key instead of
a password (Example: .pem files from Amazon EC2)
--vm-cleanup Restore VM to a previous state, before running tests
--vm-timeout SECONDS Amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a successful
connection to the virtual machine. Defaults to 120
seconds.
wrapper support:
--wrapper SCRIPT[:EXECUTABLE]
Use a script to wrap executables run by a test. The
wrapper is either a path to a script (AKA a global
wrapper) or a path to a script followed by colon
symbol (:), plus a shell like glob to the target
EXECUTABLE. Multiple wrapper options are allowed, but
only one global wrapper can be defined.
yaml to mux options:
-m [FILE [FILE ...]], --mux-yaml [FILE [FILE ...]]
Location of one or more Avocado multiplex (.yaml)
FILE(s) (order dependent)
--mux-filter-only [MUX_FILTER_ONLY [MUX_FILTER_ONLY ...]]
Filter only path(s) from multiplexing
--mux-filter-out [MUX_FILTER_OUT [MUX_FILTER_OUT ...]]
Filter out path(s) from multiplexing
--mux-path [MUX_PATH [MUX_PATH ...]]
List of default paths used to determine path priority
when querying for parameters
--mux-inject [MUX_INJECT [MUX_INJECT ...]]
Inject [path:]key:node values into the final multiplex
tree.
yaml to mux options [deprecated]:
--multiplex [FILE [FILE ...]]
DEPRECATED: Location of one or more Avocado multiplex
(.yaml) FILE(s) (order dependent)
--filter-only [FILTER_ONLY [FILTER_ONLY ...]]
DEPRECATED: Filter only path(s) from multiplexing (use
--mux-filter-only instead)
--filter-out [FILTER_OUT [FILTER_OUT ...]]
DEPRECATED: Filter out path(s) from multiplexing (use
--mux-filter-out instead)Options for subcommand config (avocado config --help):
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--datadir Shows the data directories currently being used by
avocado
--paginator {on,off} Turn the paginator on/off. Current: onOptions for subcommand diff (avocado diff --help):
positional arguments:
<JOB> A job reference, identified by a (partial) unique ID
(SHA1) or test results directory.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--html FILE Enable HTML output to the FILE where the result should
be written.
--open-browser Generate and open a HTML report in your preferred
browser. If no --html file is provided, create a
temporary file.
--diff-filter DIFF_FILTER
Comma separated filter of diff sections:
(no)cmdline,(no)time,(no)variants,(no)results,
(no)config,(no)sysinfo (defaults to all enabled).
--paginator {on,off} Turn the paginator on/off. Current: on
--create-reports Create temporary files with job reports (to be used by
other diff tools)Options for subcommand distro (avocado distro --help):
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--distro-def-create Creates a distro definition file based on the path
given
--distro-def-name DISTRO_DEF_NAME
Distribution short name
--distro-def-version DISTRO_DEF_VERSION
Distribution major version number
---distro-def-release DISTRO_DEF_RELEASE
Distribution release version number
--distro-def-arch DISTRO_DEF_ARCH
Primary architecture that the distro targets
--distro-def-path DISTRO_DEF_PATH
Top level directory of the distro installation files
--distro-def-type {deb,rpm}
Distro type (one of: deb, rpm)Options for subcommand exec-path (avocado exec-path --help):
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exitOptions for subcommand list (avocado list --help):
positional arguments:
reference List of test references (aliases or paths). If empty,
avocado will list tests on the configured test source,
(see 'avocado config --datadir') Also, if there are
other test loader plugins active, tests from those
plugins might also show up (behavior may vary among
plugins)
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-V, --verbose Whether to show extra information (headers and
summary). Current: False
--paginator {on,off} Turn the paginator on/off. Current: on
loader options:
--loaders [LOADERS [LOADERS ...]]
Overrides the priority of the test loaders. You can
specify either @loader_name or TEST_TYPE. By default
it tries all available loaders according to priority
set in settings->plugins.loaders.
--external-runner EXECUTABLE
Path to an specific test runner that allows the use of
its own tests. This should be used for running tests
that do not conform to Avocado' SIMPLE testinterface
and can not run standalone. Note: the use of
--external-runner overwrites the --loaders to
"external_runner"
--external-runner-chdir {runner,test}
Change directory before executing tests. This option
may be necessary because of requirements and/or
limitations of the external test runner. If the
external runner requires to be run from its own base
directory,use "runner" here. If the external runner
runs tests based on files and requires to be run from
the directory where those files are located, use
"test" here and specify the test directory with the
option "--external-runner-testdir". Defaults to "None"
--external-runner-testdir DIRECTORY
Where test files understood by the external test
runner are located in the filesystem. Obviously this
assumes and only applies to external test runners that
run tests from files
filtering parameters:
--filter-by-tags TAGS
Filter INSTRUMENTED tests based on ":avocado:
tags=tag1,tag2" notation in their class docstring
--filter-by-tags-include-empty
Include all tests without tags during filtering. This
effectively means they will be kept in the test suite
found previously to filtering.Options for subcommand multiplex (avocado multiplex --help):
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--summary SUMMARY Verbosity of the variants summary. (positive integer -
0, 1, ... - or none, brief, normal, verbose, full,
max)
--variants VARIANTS Verbosity of the list of variants. (positive integer -
0, 1, ... - or none, brief, normal, verbose, full,
max)
--system-wide Combine the files with the default tree.
-c, --contents [obsoleted by --variants] Shows the node content
(variables)
environment view options:
-d, --debug Debug the multiplex tree.
tree view options:
-t, --tree [obsoleted by --summary] Shows the multiplex tree
structure
-i, --inherit [obsoleted by --summary] Show the inherited values
yaml to mux options:
-m [FILE [FILE ...]], --mux-yaml [FILE [FILE ...]]
Location of one or more Avocado multiplex (.yaml)
FILE(s) (order dependent)
--mux-filter-only [MUX_FILTER_ONLY [MUX_FILTER_ONLY ...]]
Filter only path(s) from multiplexing
--mux-filter-out [MUX_FILTER_OUT [MUX_FILTER_OUT ...]]
Filter out path(s) from multiplexing
--mux-path [MUX_PATH [MUX_PATH ...]]
List of default paths used to determine path priority
when querying for parameters
--mux-inject [MUX_INJECT [MUX_INJECT ...]]
Inject [path:]key:node values into the final multiplex
tree.
yaml to mux options [deprecated]:
--multiplex [FILE [FILE ...]]
DEPRECATED: Location of one or more Avocado multiplex
(.yaml) FILE(s) (order dependent)
--filter-only [FILTER_ONLY [FILTER_ONLY ...]]
DEPRECATED: Filter only path(s) from multiplexing (use
--mux-filter-only instead)
--filter-out [FILTER_OUT [FILTER_OUT ...]]
DEPRECATED: Filter out path(s) from multiplexing (use
--mux-filter-out instead)Options for subcommand plugins (avocado plugins --help):
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--paginator {on,off} Turn the paginator on/off. Current: onOptions for subcommand sysinfo (avocado sysinfo --help):
positional arguments:
sysinfodir Dir where to dump sysinfo
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exitRunning a Test
The most common use of the avocado command line tool is to run a test:
$ avocado run sleeptest.pyThis command will run the sleeptest.py test, as found on the standard test directories. The output should be similar to:
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
(1/1) sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test: PASS (1.01 s)
RESULTS : PASS 1 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 0 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 1.11 sThe test directories will vary depending on you system and installation method used. Still, it's pretty easy to find that out as shown in the next section.
Debugging Tests
When you are developing new tests, frequently you want to look at the straight output of the job log in the stdout, without having to tail the job log. In order to do that, you can use --show-job-log to the avocado test runner:
$ scripts/avocado run examples/tests/sleeptest.py --show-job-log
...
PARAMS (key=timeout, path=*, default=None) => None
START 1-sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test
PARAMS (key=sleep_length, path=*, default=1) => 1
Sleeping for 1.00 seconds
Not logging /var/log/messages (lack of permissions)
PASS 1-sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test
...Let's say you are debugging a test particularly large, with lots of debug output and you want to reduce this output to only messages with level 'INFO' and higher. You can set job-log-level to info to reduce the amount of output.
Edit your ~/.config/avocado/avocado.conf file and add:
[job.output]
loglevel = infoRunning the same example with this option will give you:
$ scripts/avocado run sleeptest --show-job-log
...
START 1-sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test
PASS 1-sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test
...The levels you can choose are the levels available in the python logging system https://docs.python.org/2/library/logging.html#logging-levels, translated to lowercase strings, so 'notset', 'debug', 'info', 'warning', 'error', 'critical', in order of severity.
As you can see, the UI output is suppressed and only the job log goes to stdout, making this a useful feature for test development/debugging.
Silencing Runner Stdout
You may specify --silent, that means avocado will turn off all runner stdout. Even if you specify things like --show-job-log in the CLI, --silent will have precedence and you will not get application stdout. Note that --silent does not affect on disk job logs, those continue to be generated normally.
Silencing Sysinfo Report
You may specify --sysinfo=off and avocado will not collect profilers, hardware details and other system information, inside the job result directory.
Listing Tests
The avocado command line tool also has a list command, that lists the known tests in a given path, be it a path to an individual test, or a path to a directory. If no arguments provided, avocado will inspect the contents of the test location being used by avocado (if you are in doubt about which one is that, you may use avocado config --datadir). The output looks like:
$ avocado list
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/abort.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/datadir.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/doublefail.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/doublefree.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/errortest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/failtest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/fiotest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/gdbtest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/gendata.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/linuxbuild.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/multiplextest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/passtest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/skiptest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/sleeptenmin.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/sleeptest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/synctest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/timeouttest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/trinity.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/warntest.py
INSTRUMENTED /usr/share/avocado/tests/whiteboard.pyHere, INSTRUMENTED means that the files there are python files with an avocado test class in them, therefore, that they are what we call instrumented tests. This means those tests can use all avocado APIs and facilities. Let's try to list a directory with a bunch of executable shell scripts:
$ avocado list examples/wrappers/
SIMPLE examples/wrappers/dummy.sh
SIMPLE examples/wrappers/ltrace.sh
SIMPLE examples/wrappers/perf.sh
SIMPLE examples/wrappers/strace.sh
SIMPLE examples/wrappers/time.sh
SIMPLE examples/wrappers/valgrind.shHere, SIMPLE means that those files are executables, that avocado will simply execute and return PASS or FAIL depending on their return codes (PASS -> 0, FAIL -> any integer different than 0). You can also provide the --verbose, or -V flag to display files that were detected but are not avocado tests, along with summary information:
$ avocado list examples/gdb-prerun-scripts/ -V
Type Test Tag(s)
NOT_A_TEST examples/gdb-prerun-scripts/README
NOT_A_TEST examples/gdb-prerun-scripts/pass-sigusr1
TEST TYPES SUMMARY
==================
SIMPLE: 0
INSTRUMENTED: 0
MISSING: 0
NOT_A_TEST: 2That summarizes the basic commands you should be using more frequently when you start with avocado. Let's talk now about how avocado stores test results.
Exploring Results
When avocado runs tests, it saves all its results on your system:
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.logFor your convenience, avocado maintains a link to the latest job run (an avocado run command in this context), so you can always use "latest" to browse your test results:
$ ls /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/latest
id
jobdata
job.log
results.json
results.tap
results.xml
sysinfo
test-resultsThe main log file is job.log, but every test has its own results directory:
$ ls -1 ~/avocado/job-results/latest/test-results/
1-sleeptest.py:SleepTest.testSince this is a directory, it should have content similar to:
$ ls -1 ~/avocado/job-results/latest/test-results/1-sleeptest.py\:SleepTest.test/
data
debug.log
remote.log
stderr
stdout
sysinfo
whiteboardMultiplex
Avocado has a powerful tool that enables multiple test scenarios to be run using a single, unmodified test. This mechanism uses a YAML file called the 'multiplex file', that tells avocado how to multiply all possible test scenarios automatically.
A command by the same name, multiplex, is available on the avocado command line tool, and enables you to see all the test scenarios that can be run:
$ avocado multiplex -m examples/tests/sleeptest.py.data/sleeptest.yaml -c
Variants generated:
Variant 1: /run/short
/run/short:sleep_length => 0.5
Variant 2: /run/medium
/run/medium:sleep_length => 1
Variant 3: /run/long
/run/long:sleep_length => 5
Variant 4: /run/longest
/run/longest:sleep_length => 10This is a sample that varies the parameter sleep_length through the scenarios /run/short (sleeps for 0.5 s), /run/medium (sleeps for 1 s), /run/long (sleeps for 5s), /run/longest (sleeps for 10s). The YAML file (multiplex file) that produced the output above is:
!mux
short:
sleep_length: 0.5
medium:
sleep_length: 1
long:
sleep_length: 5
longest:
sleep_length: 10You can execute sleeptest in all variations exposed above with:
$ avocado run sleeptest.py -m examples/tests/sleeptest.py.data/sleeptest.yamlAnd the output should look like:
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
(1/4) sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test;1: PASS (0.51 s)
(2/4) sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test;2: PASS (1.01 s)
(3/4) sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test;3: PASS (5.02 s)
(4/4) sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test;4: PASS (10.01 s)
RESULTS : PASS 4 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 0 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 16.65 sThe multiplex plugin and the test runner supports two kinds of global filters, through the command line options --mux-filter-only and --mux-filter-out. The mux-filter-only exclusively includes one or more paths and the mux-filter-out removes one or more paths from being processed.
From the previous example, if we are interested to use the variants /run/medium and /run/longest, we do the following command line:
$ avocado run sleeptest.py -m examples/tests/sleeptest.py.data/sleeptest.yaml \
--mux-filter-only /run/medium /run/longestAnd if you want to remove /small from the variants created, we do the following:
$ avocado run sleeptest.py -m examples/tests/sleeptest.py.data/sleeptest.yaml \
--mux-filter-out /run/mediumNote that both --mux-filter-only and --mux-filter-out filters can be arranged in the same command line.
The multiplexer also supports default paths. The base path is /run/* but it can be overridden by --mux-path, which accepts multiple arguments. What it does: it splits leaves by the provided paths. Each query goes one by one through those sub-trees and first one to hit the match returns the result. It might not solve all problems, but it can help to combine existing YAML files with your ones:
qa: # large and complex read-only file, content injected into /qa
tests:
timeout: 10
...
my_variants: !mux # your YAML file injected into /my_variants
short:
timeout: 1
long:
timeout: 1000You want to use an existing test which uses params.get('timeout', '*'). Then you can use --mux-path '/my_variants/*' '/qa/*' and it'll first look in your variants. If no matches are found, then it would proceed to /qa/*
Keep in mind that only slices defined in mux-path are taken into account for relative paths (the ones starting with *).
Debugging Executables Run As Part of a Test
One interesting avocado feature is the ability to automatically and transparently run executables that are used on a given test inside the GNU debugger.
Suppose you are running a test that uses an external, compiled, image converter. Now suppose you're feeding it with different types of images, including broken image files, and it fails at a given point. You wish you could connect to the debugger at that given source location while your test is running. This is how to do just that with avocado:
$ avocado run --gdb-run-bin=convert:convert_ppm_to_raw converttest.pyThe job starts running just as usual, and so does your test:
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
TESTS : 1
(1/1) converttest.py:ConvertTest.test: /The convert executable though, automatically runs inside GDB. Avocado will stop when the given breakpoint is reached:
TEST PAUSED because of debugger breakpoint. To DEBUG your application run:
/home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/test-results/converttest.py/data/convert.gdb.sh
NOTE: please use *disconnect* command in gdb before exiting, or else the debugged process will be KILLEDFrom this point, you can run the generated script (convert.gdb.sh) to debug you application.
As noted, it is strongly recommended that you disconnect from gdb while your executable is still running. That is, if the executable finished running while you are debugging it, avocado has no way to know about its status.
Avocado will automatically send a continue command to the debugger when you disconnect from and exit gdb.
If, for some reason you have a custom GDB, or your system does not put GDB on what avocado believes to be the standard location (/usr/bin/gdb), you can override that in the section gdb.paths of your documentation:
[gdb.paths]
gdb = /usr/bin/gdb
gdbserver = /usr/bin/gdbserverSo running avocado after setting those will use the appropriate gdb/gdbserver path.
If you are debugging a special application and need to setup GDB in custom ways by running GDB commands, you can do that with the --gdb-prerun-commands option:
$ avocado run --gdb-run-bin=foo:bar --gdb-prerun-commands=/tmp/disable-signals footest.pyIn this example, /tmp/disable-signals is a simple text file containing two lines:
signal SIGUSR1 pass
signal SIGUSR1 nostopEach line is a GDB command, so you can have from simple to very complex debugging environments configured like that.
Wrap Executable Run by Tests
Avocado allows the instrumentation of executables being run by a test in a transparent way. The user specifies a script ("the wrapper") to be used to run the actual program called by the test.
If the instrumentation script is implemented correctly, it should not interfere with the test behavior. That is, the wrapper should avoid changing the return status, standard output and standard error messages of the original executable.
The user can be specific about which program to wrap (with a shell-like glob), or if that is omitted, a global wrapper that will apply to all programs called by the test.
So, for every executable run by the test, the program name will be compared to the pattern to decide whether to wrap it or not. You can have multiples wrappers and patterns defined.
Examples:
$ avocado run datadir.py --wrapper examples/wrappers/strace.shAny command created by the test datadir will be wrapped on strace.sh.
$ avocado run datadir.py --wrapper examples/wrappers/ltrace.sh:*make \
--wrapper examples/wrappers/perf.sh:*datadirAny command that matches the pattern *make will be wrapper on ltrace.sh and the pattern *datadir will trigger the execution of perf.sh.
Note that it is not possible to use --gdb-run-bin together with --wrapper, they are incompatible.
Running Tests with an External Runner
It's quite common to have organically grown test suites in most software projects. These usually include a custom built, very specific test runner that knows how to find and run their own tests.
Still, running those tests inside Avocado may be a good idea for various reasons, including being able to have results in different human and machine readable formats, collecting system information alongside those tests (the Avocado's sysinfo functionality), and more.
Avocado makes that possible by means of its "external runner" feature. The most basic way of using it is:
$ avocado run --external-runner=/path/to/external_runner foo bar bazIn this example, Avocado will report individual test results for tests foo, bar and baz. The actual results will be based on the return code of individual executions of /path/to/external_runner foo, /path/to/external_runner bar and finally /path/to/external_runner baz.
As another way to explain an show how this feature works, think of the "external runner" as some kind of interpreter and the individual tests as anything that this interpreter recognizes and is able to execute. A UNIX shell, say /bin/sh could be considered an external runner, and files with shell code could be considered tests:
$ echo "exit 0" > /tmp/pass
$ echo "exit 1" > /tmp/fail
$ avocado run --external-runner=/bin/sh /tmp/pass /tmp/fail
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
TESTS : 2
(1/2) /tmp/pass: PASS (0.01 s)
(2/2) /tmp/fail: FAIL (0.01 s)
RESULTS : PASS 1 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 1 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 0.11 sThis example is pretty obvious, and could be achieved by giving /tmp/pass and /tmp/fail shell "shebangs" (#!/bin/sh), making them executable (chmod +x /tmp/pass /tmp/fail), and running them as "SIMPLE" tests.
But now consider the following example:
$ avocado run --external-runner=/bin/curl http://local-avocado-server:9405/jobs/ \
http://remote-avocado-server:9405/jobs/
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
TESTS : 2
(1/2) http://local-avocado-server:9405/jobs/: PASS (0.02 s)
(2/2) http://remote-avocado-server:9405/jobs/: FAIL (3.02 s)
RESULTS : PASS 1 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 1 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 3.14 sThis effectively makes /bin/curl an "external test runner", responsible for trying to fetch those URLs, and reporting PASS or FAIL for each of them.
Recording Test Reference Output
As a tester, you may want to check if the output of a given application matches an expected output. In order to help with this common use case, we offer the option --output-check-record [mode] to the test runner. If this option is used, it will store the stdout or stderr of the process (or both, if you specified all) being executed to reference files: stdout.expected and stderr.expected.
Those files will be recorded in the test data dir. The data dir is in the same directory as the test source file, named [source_file_name.data]. Let's take as an example the test synctest.py. In a fresh checkout of avocado, you can see:
examples/tests/synctest.py.data/stderr.expected
examples/tests/synctest.py.data/stdout.expectedFrom those 2 files, only stdout.expected is non empty:
$ cat examples/tests/synctest.py.data/stdout.expected
PAR : waiting
PASS : sync interruptedThe output files were originally obtained using the test runner and passing the option --output-check-record all to the test runner:
$ avocado run --output-check-record all examples/tests/synctest.py
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
(1/1) examples/tests/synctest.py:SyncTest.test: PASS (4.00 s)
RESULTS : PASS 1 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 0 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 4.10 sAfter the reference files are added, the check process is transparent, in the sense that you do not need to provide special flags to the test runner. Now, every time the test is executed, after it is done running, it will check if the outputs are exactly right before considering the test as PASSed. If you want to override the default behavior and skip output check entirely, you may provide the flag --output-check=off to the test runner.
The avocado.utils.process APIs have a parameter allow_output_check (defaults to all), so that you can select which process outputs will go to the reference files, should you chose to record them. You may choose all, for both stdout and stderr, stdout, for the stdout only, stderr, for only the stderr only, or none, to allow neither of them to be recorded and checked.
This process works fine also with simple tests, executables that return 0 (PASSed) or != 0 (FAILed). Let's consider our bogus example:
$ cat output_record.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello, world!"Let's record the output (both stdout and stderr) for this one:
$ avocado run output_record.sh --output-check-record all
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
TESTS : 1
(1/1) home/$USER/Code/avocado/output_record.sh: PASS (0.01 s)
RESULTS : PASS 1 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 0 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 0.11 sAfter this is done, you'll notice that a the test data directory appeared in the same level of our shell script, containing 2 files:
$ ls output_record.sh.data/
stderr.expected stdout.expectedLet's look what's in each of them:
$ cat output_record.sh.data/stdout.expected
Hello, world!
$ cat output_record.sh.data/stderr.expected
$Now, every time this test runs, it'll take into account the expected files that were recorded, no need to do anything else but run the test.
Running Remote Tests
Avocado allows you to execute tests on a remote machine by means of a SSH network connection. The remote machine must be configured to accept remote connections and the Avocado framework have to be installed in both origin and remote machines.
When running tests on remote machine, the test sources and its data (if any present) are transferred to the remote target, just before the test execution. After the test execution, all test results are transferred back to the origin machine.
Here is how to run the sleeptest example test in a remote machine with IP address 192.168.0.123 (standard port 22), remote user name fedora and remote user password 123456:
$ avocado run sleeptest.py --remote-hostname 192.168.0.123 --remote-username fedora --remote-password 123456The output should look like:
JOB ID : <id>
JOB LOG : /home/<user>/avocado/job-results/job-<date>-<shortid>/job.log
LOGIN : fedora@localhost:22 (TIMEOUT: 60 seconds)
(1/1) sleeptest.py:SleepTest.test: PASS (1.02 s)
RESULTS : PASS 1 | ERROR 0 | FAIL 0 | SKIP 0 | WARN 0 | INTERRUPT 0
JOB TIME : 1.12 sFor more information, please consult the topic Remote Machine Plugin on Avocado's online documentation.
Linux Distribution Utilities
Avocado has some planned features that depend on knowing the Linux Distribution being used on the system. The most basic command prints the detected Linux Distribution:
$ avocado distro
Detected distribution: fedora (x86_64) version 21 release 0Other features are available with the same command when command line options are given, as shown by the --help option.
For instance, it possible to create a so-called "Linux Distribution Definition" file, by inspecting an installation tree. The installation tree could be the contents of the official installation ISO or a local network mirror.
These files let Avocado pinpoint if a given installed package is part of the original Linux Distribution or something else that was installed from an external repository or even manually. This, in turn, can help detecting regressions in base system pacakges that affected a given test result.
To generate a definition file run:
$ avocado distro --distro-def-create --distro-def-name avocadix \
--distro-def-version 1 --distro-def-arch x86_64 \
--distro-def-type rpm --distro-def-path /mnt/dvdAnd the output will be something like:
Loading distro information from tree... Please wait...
Distro information saved to "avocadix-1-x86_64.distro"Files
System wide configuration file
/etc/avocado/avocado.conf
Extra configuration files
/etc/avocado/conf.d/
User configuration file
~/.config/avocado/avocado.confBugs
If you find a bug, please report it over our github page as an issue: https://github.com/avocado-framework/avocado/issues
License
Avocado is released under GPLv2 (explicit version) http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html. Even though most of the current code is licensed under a "and any later version" clause, some parts are specifically bound to the version 2 of the license and therefore that's the official license of the prject itself. For more details, please see the LICENSE file in the project source code directory.
More Information
For more information please check Avocado's project website, located at http://avocado-framework.github.io/. There you'll find links to online documentation, source code and community resources.
Author
Avocado Development Team <avocado-devel@redhat.com>